Judicial Offices

The judges inside federal agencies who hold trial-like hearings and decide disputes over benefits, licenses, enforcement actions, and penalties under the Administrative Procedure Act

The eight justices who sit with the Chief Justice: how they are chosen, how long they serve, and who they are

The federal judges, appointed by the courts of appeals to 14-year terms, who decide bankruptcy cases for individuals and businesses as units of the district courts

The head of the Supreme Court and of the federal judiciary, first among equals on the bench

The Article III judges of the 13 federal courts of appeals, appointed for life, who decide most federal appeals and often have the final word on federal law in their regions

The officer appointed by the Justices who manages the Supreme Court's docket, receives every filing, and keeps the official records of the Court's cases

The Article III trial judges of the 94 federal district courts, appointed for life, who preside over federal trials and issue most of the rulings that block or allow government actions

The roughly 870 Article III judges on the district courts, courts of appeals, and Supreme Court, and how they are chosen and removed

The federal judges appointed by district courts to renewable eight-year terms who handle warrants, initial appearances, pretrial matters, misdemeanors, and civil trials with the parties' consent

The Court-appointed officer who opens each session, keeps time at oral argument, runs the Supreme Court building, and directs the Supreme Court Police that protect the Justices

The semi-retirement option that lets eligible federal judges step back from active service, open their seat for a new appointment, and keep hearing cases at full salary

The recent law graduates hired by each Justice for one-year terms to review petitions, research cases, and help draft opinions